Timeline from contract execution through recording
Closing is the final step in a real estate transaction where documents are signed, funds are transferred, and ownership changes hands. The process begins when a purchase contract is executed and ends when documents are recorded with the county.Most closings occur 30-45 days after contract execution for financed purchases. Cash transactions may close faster.
Affidavit of title (confirms ownership and known issues)
Loan payoff authorization (if existing mortgage)
Transfer tax declarations
Both Parties Sign
Settlement statement
Closing instructions
Various affidavits and disclosures
The settlement statement (also called HUD-1 or closing statement) itemizes all transaction costs. Review this document carefully before signing. It shows purchase price, loan amounts, credits, prorations, and who pays what.
Signing documents does not immediately transfer ownership. Several steps follow.Fund disbursement
Once all documents are signed and funds verified, the escrow officer disburses money according to the settlement statement:
Seller’s existing mortgage paid off
Seller receives net proceeds
Real estate commissions paid
Title fees and closing costs distributed
Recording fees sent to county
Recording
The deed and mortgage are filed with the county recording office. This creates public record of the ownership transfer. Recording typically occurs same day or next business day.Key release
Keys are released after recording confirmation. In some areas, keys are released at signing with the understanding that recording will follow. Local practices vary.Final documents
Title company delivers final closing package within 30 days, including:
Not all closings happen in person at the same time.Remote closings
Some transactions allow electronic signatures and remote notarization. Availability depends on state law, lender requirements, and title company capabilities.Split closings
Buyers and sellers sign separately, sometimes on different days or in different locations. Common when parties cannot coordinate schedules or are in different geographic areas.Mail-away closings
Documents are sent to parties who sign and return them by mail or overnight delivery. Used when in-person signing is not possible.
Wire delays
Funds not received in time can delay closing. Initiate wires 1-2 days early and confirm receipt with the title company.Document errors
Name misspellings, incorrect addresses, or calculation errors require corrections before signing. Review documents in advance when possible.Missing items
Outstanding documentation requests, insurance certificates, or ID issues can delay closing. Confirm all requirements are met before the appointment.Last-minute changes
Changes to loan terms or settlement figures after Closing Disclosure was issued may reset the 3-day waiting period (for financed purchases).
Request settlement statement and closing documents 24-48 hours before closing when possible. Reviewing in advance allows time to identify and resolve issues before the appointment.
“Can I review documents before closing day?”
Advance review prevents surprises and allows questions to be addressed before the appointment.“What do I need to bring?”
Confirm ID requirements, payment methods, and any outstanding documentation.“How will I receive wire instructions?”
Verify secure delivery methods. Never rely on emailed wire instructions without phone verification.“When will keys be released?”
Understand whether keys are released at signing or after recording confirmation.“What documents will I receive after closing?”
Know what to expect and when, including the recorded deed and title insurance policy.
